Francesca Woodman

Each month will come with its own difficulties, I have that clear. Sometimes it’ll be tech issues, some other times problems with the team, knowledge concerns or emotional worries.

Last February the issues I found on my way were almost all emotional. Technically I had no problems to reach something similar to what the photographer Francesca Woodman did… She is our VIP character this month and I’d love to introduce her to you all.

Francesca Woodman was a very Young American photographer born within a family of artists. When she was only 22 she sadly decided to end her own life. This fact was the first one that catched my attention when I started studying her work. Her parents, still alive, never got the notoriety she did get in just 8 years of an art career. Neither Betty Woodman or George Woodman will ever have a retrospective in the Guggenheim Museum as Francesca did.

Previously I hadn’t heard about her work, neither her life or her story. I just realized how much her work impacted on me when I looked for their pictures… I was speechless. I felt a feeling of intranquility that I can’t explain with words. Francesca was only a 20 years old girl when she already got naked in front of a camera with no complex, very determine to not to hide. In a few of the pictures she looks like frightened, worried, In others however you can perceive her calm, her peace, she seems to be so tranquil.

Francesca, smart, sweet and fragile…

It was difficult for me to deeply understand her work. I only achieved that purpose when I saw the documentary their parents narrated about her life. I’m adding the link at the end of this post in case you reader, want to watch it. I was in awe to hear them talking about her daughter with such serenity.

After that it was even more difficult to select the pictures I wanted to reproduce. I beginned with the ones about the hands, then I followed imitating those with shoes. I finished my work trying to simulate the picture where she is sat down close to the window surrounded by frames over a small table. All of them were done from the total admiration to her work.

Her pictures take you back to that lapse of time. Her images seem to be pulled out from the Victorian epoque of the end of the 19th Century. You’ll be able to see phantasmagorical shadows moving around inside the image in lost scenerios. Human figures appear blurry or under the shadow of the old places she always chose for the scenes.

She was just a girl with a prodigious mind who in just a few years gave us more than 800 pitures. Her parents are the legal owners of her work. We are allowed to see less than a 25% out of the total collection.

My Friends from “El Objetivo Magico” had the great idea to give me away a book about her work as a present for my birthday. A gift that has already become an unforgettable memory about this whole month of hard work.

Before she ended her life, Francesca sent a letter to a friend in the school with these words on it: “My life at this point is like very old sediment in the bottom of a cup of coffee. I’d rather prefer to die young leaving a few realizations […] than hastily erase all these delicate things…”

With all my respect, admiration and appreciation to her, here are my images of February.

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Here’s the link to our Blog, together with one of the artwork of each of us (The Magic Lens):  Verónica de Prado, Eva Menacho, Iratxe Cieza, Araceli Calabuig, Beatriz Pina, Sylvia Parés, Mima Molina y Sara Lagunas.  It’s really worth watching what they have done this past February.

All posts images are inspired in Francesca Woodman’s artwork included within the book “Francesca Woodman” by Chris Townsend.

Here’s also the link to her life:  Francesca Woodman. Don’t hesitate to watch it if you have the chance. It’s over 30 minutes long but it’s worth it. más de una hora pero de verdad es impresionante.

You can find more info:

https://www.artsy.net/artist/francesca-woodman

 

The Swan

Year: 1956

Director: Charles Vidor.

Stars:

Grace Kelly (Princess Alexandra).

Alec Guinness (Prince Albert).

Louis Jourdan (Dr. Nicholas Agi).

Agnes Moorehead (Queen Maria Dominika).

Jessie Royce Landis (Princess Beatrix)

No awards or nominations.

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Curiosities:

  • In the movie, princess Alejaxandra is seduced by the prince Albert. After not too long, her first son for real was called Albert… Was it a coincidence?
  • Jessie Roy Landis has the role of the Grace Kelly’s mother. Exactly the same role as in To Catch a Thief.
  • Other names were suggested for the role of Prince Albert, like Rex Harrison or Joseph Cotten.
  • The film was released the same day that Grace Kelly got married with prince Rainier III.
  • It was the first American movie for Alec Guinness.
  • It also was the second-to-last Grace Kelly’s film before her Royal wedding. The last one actually was High Society.
  • Grace Kelly learnt fencing and she refused to be replaced by a double.
  • Helen Rose did the whole custome design. The next year she also designed Grace Kelly’s bridal gown.

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Exactly. The movie was released just two days after the royal wedding in Monaco. The purpose was to get the most out of the ceremony to make the film successful in theatres.

Like in a fairy tale, the film producer MGM predicted the royal position that the future princess of Monaco would actually be performing a year later.

The movie introduces Grace Kelly to the world as the princess of America. She had just won an Oscar and the producer was very proud of her. That’s why she was extremely pampered by MGM.

With the tone of a romantic comedy, the movie is about the many attempts of the Queen Maria Dominika in order to get her beautiful daughter (Grace Kelly) married with the future King Albert (Alec Guinnes)

I have to admit I laughed out of load while watching it, specially during the first half of the movie thanks to the enjoyable character Princess Beatrix. Her role of an adorable but also distracted unmarried uncle is really lovable and funny at once.

No need to say Grace Kelly makes a wonderful performance in her role of the future princess… A cheerful, well-mannered, sweet and refined princess-to-be. Although her character is over all smart and distinguish.

I’ve included below the funniest scenes of the movie along with a picture taken by the photograph Charles Vidor who, at least to me, perfectly achieved to show Grace Kelly’s elegance to the world.

Unforgettable scenes:

http://youtu.be/WDerPpX51QQ

http://youtu.be/b2DiKva4plo

Images:

El Criticon.esCon Algo de estiloRenato Felix.com 

 

A vintage treasure burried in London

What a show in London until April 27th! It’s one of those exhibitions I’d love to visit.

Sadly I’ll have to see the videos I’ve found on the Internet instead.

I’d like to tell you the amazing story around this place, just in case you have the chance to pay a visit.

Back in 1912 a worker found by chance a box full of jewellery down in a house basement. Let’s say he found a treasure! Almost like a dream… A total of over 400 pieces… Is it not incredible? I can’t imagine his face when he opened that little case and found with a collection from the Isabelline and Jacobin era.

There were all kind of gems: Colombian emeralds, topaz and amazonites from Brazil, spinels from Sri Lanka, Indian rubies, lapis lazulies from Afghanistan… Also he found Persian turquoises, peridots found in the Red Sea, opals, garnets, Bohemian and Turquish amethysts and finally, pearls from Bahrein. Oh my God! An impressive collection of precious jewels!

Four out of them highlighted over the rest:

  • A Colombian emerald with the size of an Apple. It had been emptied to host a Swiss clock from 1600.
  • A Byzantine cameo and one more from the Isabel I era.
  • A magnificent parrot made in emeralds.

It seems the first Viscount Stafford originally owned the collection. Stafford was buried there some date between November 1640 and the Great Fire of London in September 1666. The box was sent to some jewellery shop that kept it hidden in a basement during the Civil War.

This marvellous collection can be visited at the London Museum until April 27th. If any of you can go for a visit, please, give me a call later or email me to tell me how it was. For now, I only can share with you all the information I’ve found on YouTube. Don’t miss it!

 

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Images:  Museum of London 

Vila Bakery

The “Forn de la Vila” (Vila Bakery) of Forcall.  A bread oven dating back to the Eighteenth Century.

The second surprise that my morning stroll around Forcall brought to me was the discovery of the oldest functioning bread oven in Europe.

In a narrow alleyway, very close to the square, I saw a facade on which shone an informative plaque, it was the first thing that I photographed: “Forn de la Vila” (Vila Bakery). This bakery has been baking its artisanal bread and pastries since 1246… something that struck me as rather admirable and surprising.

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After a few seconds I found myself chatting to Margarita, who, with a large smile on her face told me how healthcare had recently come and made it compulsory for them to separate the oven from the bread delivery area. Both had been sharing one space for centuries, thus a decision was made in that moment to place a large glass window that would allow the visitor to continue enjoying the view of the old ovens, the bread making surfaces, and the trays filled with pastries and bread ready to be baked.

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On the other side of the glass was the small sales area laden with traditional and exquisite pastries typical to the area of which I had never even heard.

The “Almendrados” (derived from Almonds) are small pinkish colored pastries made from meringue, sugar and almonds. Only a few minutes later I had taken photographs of Margarita putting one of her full trays of these sweets in the old oven. She recommended that I return later to try them once they had cooled, however, between one thing and another when I finally wanted to return to Margarita, she had already closed and I was left still wanting to try them.

As soon as you entered, Margarita displayed her various sweet pastries in a large display case. These included: the “Coquetas” (meaning the “Coquettish”), she makes them out of pumpkin preserve; the “Rolletes” (the “Rolls”) were small doughnuts with a little bit of spirit that gave them a special taste; the “Carquiñolis” (Almond biscuits) were small portions of very well toasted almond bread. Margarita told me that this was a pastry that could keep very well for a rather long time. Behind these were her variety of traditional breads: white bread made from wheat flour, hearth-baked bread and the typical bread rolls of the area that are made with 1 kg of oil and dough.

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I left there wildly energized by so many sweets and happy for having discovered this small baking paradise of the Maestrazgo region, which had been making artisanal products since 1246… At least eight centuries.

Margarita was very friendly, not only did she allow me to take some photos of inside the oven, but she also happily posed for me with an enormous smile.

The photographs are not of the best quality, as the oven did not have much light and I did not want to use flash. I did the best I could within my knowledge and resources available at the time.

If you ever pass by the Maestrazgo region do not hesitate to pop in to Forcall and visit Margarita and her bread and pastry shop. It’s worth it. It is like a little bread museum with a treasure of a bread-making oven, unaltered since the Eighteenth Century. This place was one of the biggest surprises of this trip.

Forn de la Vila

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Forcall (Castelló)

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Notorious

NOTORIOUS

Year: 1946

Director: Alfred Hitchcock

Stars:

Ingrid Bergmam (Alicia Huberman)

Cary Grant (Devlin)

Claude Rains (Alexander Sebastian)

Louise Calhern (Paul Prescott)

Leopoldine Konstantine (MneSebastian)

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Awards:

Nominated back in 1947 to the Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Claude Rains) and Best Writing, Original Screenplay.

Bambi Awards in 1952 to Ingrid Bergman as the Best Actress – International.

Nominated in 1946 to the Grand Prize of the Cannes Film Festival (Alfred Hitchcock).

National Film Registry in 2006 at the National Film Preservation Board, USA.

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Curiosities:

  • The scenes where Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman play to “kissing without kissing” were designed that way in order to avoid the Hayes code (a kiss shouldn’t last over 3 seconds).
  • Hitchcock said once he was watched for 3 months after the release date since the movie showed uranium commerce.
  • The actress who performed the role as Claude Rains’ mother only was 3 years older than the French actor.
  • The scene over the balcony with Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman was almost entirely improvised.
  • The original screenplay showed Alicia (Ingrid Bergman) as a prostitute.
  • David O. Selznick (producer) actually preferred Vivien Leigh in the role of Alicia (to be honest, it would have been great!).
  • Alfred Hitchcock asked to the Nobel Prize in Physics how to make an atomic bomb. However, the winner didn’t want to answer. Although he did tell Hitchcock it could be kept in a bottle.
  • Claude Rains did many shots over a box in order to look like as tall as Cary Grant. That fact was far from reality though. Claude Rains actually was 1,69 cm tall while Cary Grant was 1,87 and Ingrid Bergman was 1,75 cm tall.
  • This one was the only performance in an American movie by Leopoldine Konstantine (Mme. Sebastian).
  • You’ll find Hitchcock himself (who usually appears in all his movies) in a party celebrated in the house, holding a glass of champaign.

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This week was time for Notorious, a Hitchcock’s film. I have to admit I couldn’t wait to see Ingrid Bergman and Cary Grant together once again. I love them acting!

I can say it’s with no doubt one of the best Hitchcock’s movies. The “cursed director” never won an Oscar, even though he was considered the best director of thrillers in the history of cinema.

Within this story, you’ll enjoy the mix of love and intrigue, with Cary Grant performing an amazing role as an American spy. The actor knows exactly how to stop his feelings towards Ingrid Bergman, almost a prostitute who accepts being blackmailed in order to unmask the German spy (casted by Claude Rains).

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Grant is smart and elegant along the entire movie. I loved those shots the director took of the actor’s back. His elegance invades the whole screen. I could say it’s the only film out of all I’ve already seen and share in our Film of the Week where the main actor rules most of the scenes, instead of the actress. He almost eclipses Bergman in some scenes!

Ingrid Bergman was fascinating over the second half of the film. Her performance as an obedient wife as well as spy is just sensational.

The Master of Thrillers shows once again how to keep watchers stuck to their seats. He succeeded with me at least!  He got my close attention all the time looking forward to the ending. I didn’t  move! I even got nervous in a few scenes.

I totally recommend it to you!

See the whole movie on YouTube:

Images:

http://www.canaltcm.com

http://www.filmaffinity.com

http://arandinosblog.wordpress.com

http://telondecine.blogspot.com.es

http://notodoeskippel.blogspot.com.es/

With C: for Coral

My Vintage Dictionary:

Coral: According to the Dictionary, “corals are formed by small animals, the polyps of the phylum Cnidaria. They are marines, either on continental shelves or round oceanic islands. They live in colonies divided by red or rosy limestone.

However, today I would like to focus on the Corallium Nobile coral which is the specimen that master jewellers have been using over the History, the most exclusive and precious coral out of the kind. The development of these sorts of colonies is extremely slow; it grows an average of 2 – 5 millimetres a year. If you take also into account that the collection is nowadays restricted you’ll understand why this material is so expensive.

This precious coral is gathered manually and only the bigger sticks will be used for jewellery purposes, although still they’ll have to let them grow even more. In order to fish it, professionals must go down as deep as 150 metres in some cases.

Nobile Coral is usually red with shades in dark red. It rarely appears in a pale pink. The one called Angel Skin Coral is the most precious amongst them and also, very special. The word “coral” is used as well to name this entire colour range.

Coral jewels have been found in ancient Egyptian and prehistoric burials. Plinio left written that the Gallic population already used it to adorn their weapons. Also romans loved to wear their kids with a collar made with coral to preserve them from any danger. They thought it had curative attributes against snake or scorpion bites.  The belief of coral as an amulet actually went on through the entire Middle Age up to the beginning of the 20th Century. Nowadays Italians keep using it against the bad luck or evil eye. Women also wear it to beat the infertility.

It’s precisely there, in Italy where you’ll find the cradle of the coral craftsmanship, exactly in Torre del Greco, a little town that still today keeps the same tradition over the centuries, even after nine Vesuvius eruptions.

Due to its softness and opacity, coral is either cut in cabochon or used to make beads.

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How to care for coral:

  • The only way to clean it at home is to rub it very gently with a cotton cloth either dry or a bit wet. In order to make it more shining you can use neutral soaps and wash it up straight away. Also dry it carefully.
  • In case the coral missed its bright you only will be able to take it to professionals to make it shine as usual.

Let me finish with a collection of photos about jewels made with nobilis coral: earrings, rings, cufflinks and combs. As you can see this precious material can be used to make a huge variety of jewellery work… Don’t miss how many sublime tones Nature gives us.

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The Big Sleep

Release date: 1946

Director: Howard Hawks

Stars:

Humphrey Bogart (Phillip Marlowe)

Lauren Bacall (Vivien Rutledge)

John Ridgley (Eddie Mars)

Martha Vickers (Carmen Sternwood)

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Awards:

National Film Preservation Board (1997)

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Did you know?:

  • It was the second film Bogart and Bacall performed together. After three months, they got married.
  • The scene where Bogart and Bacall chatted about horses was added after the film was edited, in order to introduce a slyness atmosphere. Howard had already done this previously in To have and have not.
  • Lauren Bacall herself sings the song in one of the scenes. That is her voice, unlike some rumours that said it was doubled.
  • Sternwood’s mansion is exactly the same one as in Mildred Pierce.
  • The scene where Eddie Mars is murdered by his own men was reused by the director in his last western El Dorado.
  • William Faulkner helped Hawks to write the plot. When the author of the book, Raymond Chandler was asked who murdered the driver, he didn’t know what to answer.

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The movie was a success in theatres. However reviews said that it was an inmoral and violent film.

It’s full of contradictions, cynical talks, irony and hard men. The mystery starts the moment Marlowe chats with the General Sternwood in a dark and sad atmosphere, almost stifling where nobody gives anything away and everyone search their own benefit. It’s a pessimist and grey world.

The detective seems to know everything about the story. And the woman, even though she’s a secondary actress and the love story is also underground, makes the plot explode in sparks every time she has a scene with the main character. The scene at General’s house, where Vivien – Lauren Bacall – tries to find out why his father hired him is just brilliant. The following day, at Marlowe’s office, when they are laughing at the police on the phone is almost an icon to the comedy genre. Same happens with the unforgettable scene at the bar while they are talking about horses. Bogart and Bacall connect totally and seem to be an exceptional couple.

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When the plot is about to be in depths of despair, Bogart and Bacall know what joke to tell in order to make you have some fun. It’s not that the plot is difficult to understand (although I have to admit I thought I missed something when it finished) but that I’m sure it’s a movie made exclusively for the two of the main characters.

Bogart makes a sensational performance and Lauren Bacall, with her inimitable voice and her seductive glance shows she has learnt all about the profession, even though she was only 20 years old by then.

The argument – although confusing sometimes – is brilliantly directed by Hawks. He makes viewers follow Marlowe wherever he goes. Public know no more than the main character himself. That way Hawks gets you totally into the plot.

Let me finish this review with this curious image for you to understand the mess there’s in the movie, and the amount of different character performing in it.

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Don’t stop paying attention every second in the movie, I recommend.

Images:

2 Bp. Blogspot.com, Uraniaenberlin.com, Lo-bueno-si-breve, Ciclos-decine.blogspot.com.

Memorable scenes:

11 years full of experiences at Balenciaga’s House in Madrid

My post is dedicated to the great Spanish designer Cristóbal Balenciaga. However, it isn’t a post about things that I have read, but about the life experiences of a person that had the luck to learn how to sew, and develop their career as a fashion designer together with one of the most important Spanish designers in history. This person is my mother. She had the chance and luck to work in the House of Balenciaga, situated in Madrid, from 1958 until it closed its doors in 1969. It was the place which made its clients dreams into reality.

The Spanish fashion designer decided to create a business dedicated to dressmaking, Eisa Costura, opening up a new establishment in 1933 both in San Sebastian and Madrid: EISA B.E. The first collection was presented by the new house of couture in both cities, it was the 1933 Spring-Summer collection. The Madrid branch was situated in 42 Caballero de Gracia Street, and the establishment was not to take on Eisa’s new name until February 1941. It would later be moved to the emblematic number 9 on Gran Vía (the old Avenida de José Antonio). There Eisa Costura presented its first collection in April 1941.

Posing on the balcony which faces nº 9 Gran Vía.

 

My mother worked with Miss Felisa in Fantasía (fantasy), which was dedicated to making evening dresses and smart dresses, the section was situated on the third floor and faced Gran Vía, in front of the emblematic Chicote (The Chicote Museum at nº 12 Gran Vía). Many famous visitors of the period, such as, David Niven or Viti the bullfighter, went directly to witness this magnificent location, it was an obligatory destination when visiting Madrid. On the ground floor, where my mother worked,  you could find the tailoring department where they made coats, and suit jackets for their clients. The whole workshop breathed a wonderful atmosphere of work and companionship between the workers.

In order to show the new collections and trends to its clients, private catwalks were made, to which Cristóbal Balenciaga himself attended, and who personally fitted the mannequins. When the new collections were being prepared, a frantic work rhythm reigned over the workshop, they were days in which you knew at what time you entered, but not at which time you would finish.

Amongst some of the curiosities that my mother told me, we can highlight that in the House of Balenciaga they gave away the wedding dresses as gifts to the employees who were going to be married, and the lucky one would do a private catwalk show for her colleagues in one of the rooms where they showed the collections, where they enjoyed themselves as if it had been them. Another anecdote that she told me was that they gave her a day off in order to raise and collect money for Cancer Research, something similar to what Conchita Velasco did in the film Red Cross Girls (Original title: Las chicas de la Cruz Roja) in that period. It was also custom for the employees who wanted to attend a complete week of spiritual services in “El Espinar” with all expenses paid.

In the Balenciaga Fantasy workshop

 

Another of my mother’s experiences during the time she worked at the House of Balenciaga was that she was able to experience first hand the creation of Reina Fabiola’s marvellous wedding dress, the one which was shrouded in absolute secretism. She was even the one who took the dress to Balenciaga’s private house in Madrid, where the bridal fittings were carried out. When the day of the great wedding arrived, a television was put in the workshop so that all could directly watch the event.

My mother remembers this stage of her life as one of the best that she lived, and is extremely happy to have had formed part of the history of Spanish fashion together with one of the greatest in universal fashion.

Amaya Barriuso is a journalist and manages the communications and social networks for companies like freelance. This month she is “Vintage By López-Linares’” invited Blogger. A huge thank you for such a personal and charmingly warm article. Follow Amaya’s work at “Amaya’s Blog”

Images via @Amaya Barriuso’s personal file

Gilda

Year: 1946

Director: Charles Vidor.

Cast:

Rita Hayworth (Gilda Mundson Farrell)

Glenn Ford (Johnny Farrell)

George MacReady (Ballin Mundson)

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“Gilda” is Rita Hayworth and Rita Hayworth is “Gilda”. Independently from the film’s plot, more or less attractively, Rita Hayworth completely absorbs and takes over the leading role.  The entire film revolves around her, and her ability to captivate men in the film filters through the big screen and leaves all of us in love with her beauty, her sensuality and her character.

“Gilda” is a melodrama with a masterful structure. It contains some bitter, cynical, and wonderful dialogues which make it an essential work piece in black and white cinema.

This masterpiece hasn’t lost anything over the years. It speaks to us of solitude, friendship, greed, love and violence.

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Glenn Ford, who had us accustomed to his roles as a good, trustworthy and honest man, becomes a wild animal absorbed by jealousy.

Without a doubt, the most famous scene in the film is the “strip-tease”. This “strip-tease” is the scene in which Hayworth takes off her glove whilst performing the unforgettable song “Put the Blame on me Mame” which, incidentally, was not sung by her. This scene reminds us once again how Hollywood knew exactly how to create eroticism and sex, simply by showing a naked arm.

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Although perhaps it isn’t one of the best films in history, Gilda is, without a doubt, an indispensable film in cinema’s history, and within the film, Rita Hayworth depicts one of the most beautiful and seductive women of all time.

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It was awarded by the National Film Preservation Board in 2013.

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Curious Facts:

  • The truth is that when Rita Hayworth slapped Glenn Ford; she broke two of his teeth.  Glenn Ford did not move until he finished the scene.
  • The photograph of Johnny Farrell as a child is, in reality, a photo of Glenn Ford’s son.
  • Rita Hayworth had to wear a corset during the filming “Put the blame on Mame”, as she had just given birth to her first daughter.
  • Rita Hayworth’s songs are dubbed. Unfortunately her voice seemed too weak, something that made the actress bitter for the rest of her life.
  • Rita Hayworth’s strapless dress, designed by Jean Louis, is based on a dress in the painting of “Madame X” (a famous Parisian character from the nineteenth century), painted in 1884 by John Singer Sargent. It cost 60,000 dollars, a barbaric amount of money for the time. In April 2009 it was put in auction, but it was withdrawn due to a lack of bids. It mysteriously appeared on eBay in September in the same year at a starting price of 30,000 dollars. However, I am unable to tell you what happened to the painting.
  • The famous glove scene from Gilda has been parodied in a number of films, highlighting above all the one of Jessica Rabbit in “Who Framed Roger Rabbit”.
  • The film participated in the first edition of the Cannes Film Festival together with “Notorious“, by Hitchcock which, curiously, has many similarities in the plot (South America, Nazis, a woman torn between two men).

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GILDA, (THE ENTIRE FILM):

Memorable scenes:

http://youtu.be/4rWpND28Jos

Images:

Isabel MJ.Wordpress, Tiendas Fnac.es, Vipareaforcows.Blorgspot, Diario de una Cinefila. WordPress, Desvario Me Causa El Apetito. 

 

With B: Brazalete (Cuff Bracelet)

“My Vintage Dictionary”

The use of cuff bracelets dates back to Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. It was the period in which men dressed with their arms uncovered, so these served to adorn them as a symbol of power and status.

We know that the Greek soldiers adorned the upper part of their arms, between the elbow and the shoulder, with defensive straps of leather decorated in gold, silver and semi-precious stones called “Bracels”, from the Latin word “Brachium” meaning arm.

Greek women also used this accessory, but in smaller and more flattering versions called “Bracel-ets”.

This fashion began to spread and grow, and with the passing of centuries and the changes in ways of dressing, the cuff bracelet began to be worn around the wrist in order to be able to show it off with long-sleeved dresses. From then on, it simply became known as the bracelet.

Three types of cuff bracelets exist: open ones, closed ones and those in the form of a spiral or serpent.

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